Additional Balance Sheet Disclosures in accordance with IFRS 7 (Financial Instruments)

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CARRYING AMOUNT OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BY IAS 39 MEASUREMENT CATEGORY

€ million

 

Dec. 31, 2015

 

Dec. 31, 2014*

 

 

 

 

 

*

Prior-year figures adjusted.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

 

1,881

 

1,240

Loans and receivables

 

128,198

 

119,130

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

15,219

 

13,929

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss

 

2,399

 

1,147

Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

 

177,074

 

163,032

RECONCILIATION OF BALANCE SHEET ITEMS TO CLASSES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The following table shows the reconciliation of the balance sheet items to the relevant classes of financial instruments, broken down by the carrying amount and fair value of the financial instruments.

The fair value of financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as receivables and liabilities, is calculated by discounting using a market rate of interest for a similar risk and matching maturity. For reasons of materiality, the fair value of current balance sheet items is generally deemed to be their carrying amount.

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RECONCILIATION OF BALANCE SHEET ITEMS TO CLASSES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2014*

 

 

MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

 

MEASURED AT AMORTIZED COST

 

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITHIN HEDGE ACCOUNTING

 

NOT WITHIN SCOPE OF IFRS 7

 

BALANCE SHEET ITEM AT DEC. 31, 2014

€ million

 

Carrying amount

 

Carrying amount

 

Fair value

 

Carrying amount

 

Carrying amount

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*

Prior-year figures adjusted.

Noncurrent assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity-accounted investments

 

 

 

 

 

9,874

 

9,874

Other equity investments

 

3,067

 

 

 

 

616

 

3,683

Financial services receivables

 

 

57,877

 

60,052

 

 

 

57,877

Other financial assets

 

763

 

4,451

 

4,496

 

1,284

 

 

6,498

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trade receivables

 

 

11,472

 

11,472

 

 

 

11,472

Financial services receivables

 

 

44,398

 

44,398

 

 

 

44,398

Other financial assets

 

478

 

6,141

 

6,141

 

1,073

 

 

7,693

Marketable securities

 

10,861

 

 

 

 

 

10,861

Cash, cash equivalents and time deposits

 

 

19,123

 

19,123

 

 

 

19,123

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent financial liabilities

 

 

68,416

 

70,238

 

 

 

68,416

Other noncurrent financial liabilities

 

655

 

1,564

 

1,568

 

1,735

 

 

3,954

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put options and compensation rights granted to noncontrolling interest shareholders

 

 

3,703

 

3,822

 

 

 

3,703

Current financial liabilities

 

 

65,564

 

65,564

 

 

 

65,564

Trade payables

 

 

19,530

 

19,530

 

 

 

19,530

Other current financial liabilities

 

492

 

4,652

 

4,652

 

2,499

 

 

7,643

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RECONCILIATION OF BALANCE SHEET ITEMS TO CLASSES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2015

 

 

MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE

 

MEASURED AT AMORTIZED COST

 

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITHIN HEDGE ACCOUNTING

 

NOT WITHIN SCOPE OF IFRS 7

 

BALANCE SHEET ITEM AT DEC. 31, 2015

€ million

 

Carrying amount

 

Carrying amount

 

Fair value

 

Carrying amount

 

Carrying amount

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity-accounted investments

 

 

 

 

 

10,904

 

10,904

Other equity investments

 

211

 

 

 

 

763

 

974

Financial services receivables

 

 

63,185

 

64,630

 

 

 

63,185

Other financial assets

 

996

 

4,484

 

4,492

 

1,249

 

 

6,730

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Trade receivables

 

 

11,132

 

11,132

 

 

 

11,132

Financial services receivables

 

 

46,888

 

46,888

 

 

 

46,888

Other financial assets

 

885

 

7,963

 

7,963

 

1,196

 

 

10,043

Marketable securities

 

15,007

 

 

 

 

 

15,007

Cash, cash equivalents and time deposits

 

 

20,871

 

20,871

 

 

 

20,871

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent financial liabilities

 

 

73,292

 

73,844

 

 

 

73,292

Other noncurrent financial liabilities

 

1,325

 

1,996

 

1,998

 

2,580

 

 

5,901

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put options and compensation rights granted to noncontrolling interest shareholders

 

 

3,933

 

3,783

 

 

 

3,933

Current financial liabilities

 

 

72,313

 

72,313

 

 

 

72,313

Trade payables

 

 

20,460

 

20,460

 

 

 

20,460

Other current financial liabilities

 

1,074

 

5,551

 

5,551

 

3,725

 

 

10,350

Uniform valuation techniques and inputs are used to measure fair value. The fair value of Level 2 and 3 financial instruments is measured in the individual divisions on the basis of Group-wide specifications. The measurement techniques used are explained in the disclosures on “accounting policies”. The fair value of put options and compensation rights granted to noncontrolling interest shareholders is calculated using a present value model based on the cash settlement determined by the Munich Regional Court in the award proceedings, including cash compensation, as well as the minimum statutory interest rate and a risk-adjusted discount rate for a matching maturity. For further information, please see note 31. The fair value of Level 3 receivables was measured by reference to individual expectations of losses;

these are based to a significant extent on the Company’s assumptions about counterparty credit quality. Financial services receivables are allocated to Level 3 because their fair value was measured using inputs that are not observable in an active market.

The following table contains an overview of the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value by level:

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FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE BY LEVEL

€ million

 

Dec. 31, 2014*

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*

Prior-year figures adjusted.

Noncurrent assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other equity investments

 

3,067

 

2,922

 

 

146

Other financial assets

 

763

 

 

739

 

24

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other financial assets

 

478

 

 

469

 

9

Marketable securities

 

10,861

 

10,861

 

 

Noncurrent liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other noncurrent financial liabilities

 

655

 

 

481

 

174

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other current financial liabilities

 

492

 

 

417

 

75

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€ million

 

Dec. 31, 2015

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other equity investments

 

211

 

117

 

 

94

Other financial assets

 

996

 

 

976

 

20

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other financial assets

 

885

 

 

879

 

6

Marketable securities

 

15,007

 

15,007

 

 

Noncurrent liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other noncurrent financial liabilities

 

1,325

 

 

1,142

 

183

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other current financial liabilities

 

1,074

 

 

778

 

296

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT AMORTIZED COST BY LEVEL

€ million

 

Dec. 31, 2014*

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

*

Prior-year figures adjusted.

Fair value of financial assets measured at amortized cost

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial services receivables

 

104,450

 

 

 

104,450

Trade receivables

 

11,472

 

 

11,290

 

182

Other financial assets

 

10,637

 

669

 

5,326

 

4,642

Cash, cash equivalents and time deposits

 

19,123

 

18,653

 

471

 

Fair value of financial assets measured at amortized cost

 

145,682

 

19,321

 

17,086

 

109,274

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put options and compensation rights granted to noncontrolling interest shareholders

 

3,822

 

 

 

3,822

Trade payables

 

19,530

 

 

19,530

 

Financial liabilities

 

135,802

 

22,334

 

113,406

 

62

Other financial liabilities

 

6,220

 

270

 

5,882

 

69

Fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

 

165,374

 

22,604

 

138,817

 

3,954

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€ million

 

Dec. 31, 2015

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of financial assets measured at amortized cost

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial services receivables

 

111,518

 

 

 

111,518

Trade receivables

 

11,132

 

 

10,975

 

157

Other financial assets

 

12,455

 

677

 

6,203

 

5,576

Cash, cash equivalents and time deposits

 

20,871

 

20,467

 

405

 

Fair value of financial assets measured at amortized cost

 

155,977

 

21,144

 

17,583

 

117,251

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put options and compensation rights granted to noncontrolling interest shareholders

 

3,783

 

 

 

3,783

Trade payables

 

20,460

 

 

20,460

 

Financial liabilities

 

146,156

 

23,675

 

122,420

 

61

Other financial liabilities

 

7,550

 

269

 

7,185

 

95

Fair value of financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

 

177,949

 

23,944

 

150,066

 

3,940

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DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITHIN HEDGE ACCOUNTING BY LEVEL

€ million

 

Dec. 31, 2014

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other financial assets

 

1,284

 

 

1,284

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other financial assets

 

1,073

 

 

1,073

 

Noncurrent liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other noncurrent financial liabilities

 

1,735

 

 

1,731

 

4

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other current financial liabilities

 

2,499

 

 

2,499

 

  (XLS:) Download

 

€ million

 

Dec. 31, 2015

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noncurrent assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other financial assets

 

1,249

 

 

1,249

 

Current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other financial assets

 

1,196

 

 

1,196

 

Noncurrent liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other noncurrent financial liabilities

 

2,580

 

 

2,573

 

7

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other current financial liabilities

 

3,725

 

 

3,725

 

The allocation of fair values to the three levels in the fair value hierarchy is based on the availability of observable market prices. Level 1 is used to report the fair value of financial instruments for which a price is directly available in an active market. Examples include marketable securities and other equity investments measured at fair value. Fair values in Level 2, for example of derivatives, are measured on the basis of observable market inputs using market-based valuation techniques. In particular, the inputs used include exchange rates, yield curves and commodity prices that are observable in the relevant markets and obtained through pricing services. Level 3 fair values are calculated using valuation techniques that incorporate inputs that are not observable in active markets. In the Volkswagen Group, long-term commodity futures are allocated to Level 3 because the prices available on the market must be extrapolated for measurement purposes. This is done on the basis of observable inputs obtained for the different commodities through pricing services. Options on equity instruments and residual value protection models are also reported in Level 3. Equity instruments are measured primarily using the relevant business plans and entity-specific discount rates. The significant inputs used to measure fair value for the residual value protection models include forecasts and estimates of used vehicle residual values for the appropriate models.

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CHANGES IN BALANCE SHEET ITEMS MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE BASED ON LEVEL 3

€ million

 

Financial assets measured at fair value

 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at Jan. 1, 2014

 

231

 

218

Foreign exchange differences

 

22

 

0

Total comprehensive income

 

17

 

91

recognized in profit or loss

 

7

 

87

recognized in other comprehensive income

 

10

 

5

Additions (purchases)

 

−49

 

Sales and settlements

 

−23

 

−47

Transfers into Level 2

 

−21

 

−13

Balance at Dec. 31, 2014

 

178

 

249

 

 

 

 

 

Total gains or losses recognized in profit or loss

 

7

 

−87

Net other operating expense/income

 

 

of which attributable to assets/liabilities held at the reporting date

 

 

Financial result

 

7

 

−87

of which attributable to assets/liabilities held at the reporting date

 

−17

 

−78

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€ million

 

Financial assets measured at fair value

 

Financial liabilities measured at fair value

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at Jan. 1, 2015

 

178

 

249

Foreign exchange differences

 

7

 

0

Total comprehensive income

 

0

 

385

recognized in profit or loss

 

−1

 

372

recognized in other comprehensive income

 

0

 

13

Additions (purchases)

 

−53

 

Sales and settlements

 

−12

 

−99

Transfers into Level 2

 

0

 

−56

Balance at Dec. 31, 2015

 

119

 

479

 

 

 

 

 

Total gains or losses recognized in profit or loss

 

−1

 

−372

Net other operating expense/income

 

 

of which attributable to assets/liabilities held at the reporting date

 

 

Financial result

 

−1

 

−372

of which attributable to assets/liabilities held at the reporting date

 

−1

 

−98

The transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy are reported at the respective reporting dates. The transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 comprise commodity futures for which observable quoted prices are now available for measurement purposes due to the decline in their remaining maturities; consequently, no extrapolation is required. There were no transfers between other levels of the fair value hierarchy.

Commodity prices are the key risk variable for the fair value of commodity futures. Sensitivity analyses are used to present the effect of changes in commodity prices on earnings after tax and equity.

If commodity prices for commodity futures classified as Level 3 had been 10% higher (lower) as of December 31, 2015, earnings after tax would have been €6 million (previous year: €20 million) higher (lower) and equity would have been €2 million (previous year: €4 million) higher (lower).

The key risk variable for measuring options on equity instruments held by the Company is the relevant enterprise value. Sensitivity analyses are used to present the effect of changes in risk variables on earnings after tax.

If the assumed enterprise values had been 10% higher, earnings after tax would have been €1 million (previous year: €1 million) higher. If the assumed enterprise values had been 10% lower, earnings after tax would have been €1 million (previous year: €2 million) lower.

Residual value risks result from hedging agreements with dealers under which earnings effects caused by market-related fluctuations in residual values that arise from buy-back obligations under leases are borne in part by the Volkswagen Group.

The key risk variable influencing the fair value of the options relating to residual value risks is used car prices. Sensitivity analyses are used to quantify the effects of changes in used car prices on earnings after tax.

If the prices for the used cars covered by the residual value protection model had been 10% higher as of December 31, 2015, earnings after tax would have been €219 million higher. If the prices for the used cars covered by the residual value protection model had been 10% lower as of December 31, 2015, earnings after tax would have been €219 million lower.

OFFSETTING OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The following tables contain information about the effects of offsetting in the balance sheet and the potential financial effects of offsetting in the case of instruments that are subject to a legally enforceable master netting arrangement or a similar agreement.

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AMOUNTS THAT ARE NOT SET OFF IN THE BALANCE SHEET

 

 

€ million

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial assets

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities set off in the balance sheet

 

Net amounts of financial assets presented in the balance sheet

 

Financial instru­ments

 

Collateral received

 

Net amount at Dec. 31, 2014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives

 

3,598

 

 

3,598

 

−1,938

 

−87

 

1,572

Financial services receivables

 

102,574

 

−299

 

102,275

 

 

−31

 

102,244

Trade receivables

 

11,576

 

−104

 

11,472

 

0

 

−305

 

11,166

Marketable securities

 

10,861

 

 

10,861

 

 

 

10,861

Cash, cash equivalents and time deposits

 

19,123

 

 

19,123

 

 

 

19,123

Other financial assets

 

14,282

 

−6

 

14,276

 

0

 

 

14,276

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AMOUNTS THAT ARE NOT SET OFF IN THE BALANCE SHEET

 

 

€ million

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial assets

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities set off in the balance sheet

 

Net amounts of financial assets presented in the balance sheet

 

Financial instru­ments

 

Collateral received

 

Net amount at Dec. 31, 2015

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives

 

4,326

 

 

4,326

 

−2,201

 

−123

 

2,002

Financial services receivables

 

110,396

 

−323

 

110,073

 

 

−16

 

110,057

Trade receivables

 

11,243

 

−111

 

11,132

 

0

 

−231

 

10,901

Marketable securities

 

15,007

 

 

15,007

 

 

 

15,007

Cash, cash equivalents and time deposits

 

20,871

 

 

20,871

 

 

 

20,871

Other financial assets

 

12,670

 

−11

 

12,658

 

 

 

12,658

  (XLS:) Download

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AMOUNTS THAT ARE NOT SET OFF IN THE BALANCE SHEET

 

 

€ million

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial assets set off in the balance sheet

 

Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the balance sheet

 

Financial instru­ments

 

Collateral pledged

 

Net amount at Dec. 31, 2014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put options and compensation rights granted to noncontrolling interest shareholders

 

3,703

 

 

3,703

 

 

 

3,703

Derivatives

 

5,381

 

 

5,381

 

−1,907

 

−51

 

3,422

Financial liabilities

 

133,980

 

 

133,980

 

 

−2,081

 

131,898

Trade payables

 

19,634

 

−104

 

19,530

 

0

 

 

19,529

Other financial liabilities

 

6,522

 

−306

 

6,216

 

 

 

6,216

  (XLS:) Download

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AMOUNTS THAT ARE NOT SET OFF IN THE BALANCE SHEET

 

 

€ million

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial liabilities

 

Gross amounts of recognized financial assets set off in the balance sheet

 

Net amounts of financial liabilities presented in the balance sheet

 

Financial instru­ments

 

Collateral pledged

 

Net amount at Dec. 31, 2015

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Put options and compensation rights granted to noncontrolling interest shareholders

 

3,933

 

 

3,933

 

 

 

3,933

Derivatives

 

8,703

 

 

8,703

 

−2,178

 

−12

 

6,514

Financial liabilities

 

145,604

 

 

145,604

 

 

−3,587

 

142,018

Trade payables

 

20,571

 

−111

 

20,460

 

0

 

 

20,460

Other financial liabilities

 

7,882

 

−335

 

7,547

 

 

 

7,547

The “Financial instruments” column shows the amounts that are subject to a master netting arrangement but were not set off because they do not meet the criteria for offsetting in the balance sheet. The “Collateral received” and “Collateral pledged” columns show the amounts of cash collateral and collateral in the form of financial instruments received and pledged for the total assets and liabilities that do not meet the criteria for offsetting in the balance sheet.

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CHANGES IN CREDIT RISK VALUATION ALLOWANCES ON FINANCIAL ASSETS

€ million

 

Specific valuation allowances

 

Portfolio-based valuation allowances

 

2015

 

Specific valuation allowances

 

Portfolio-based valuation allowances

 

2014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at Jan. 1

 

2,269

 

1,665

 

3,933

 

2,237

 

1,433

 

3,670

Exchange rate and other changes

 

−115

 

−6

 

−121

 

−8

 

20

 

12

Changes in consolidated Group

 

−19

 

−4

 

−23

 

23

 

24

 

48

Additions

 

702

 

628

 

1,330

 

703

 

371

 

1,074

Utilization

 

356

 

 

356

 

396

 

 

396

Reversals

 

362

 

290

 

652

 

300

 

175

 

475

Reclassification

 

23

 

−23

 

0

 

8

 

−8

 

0

Balance at Dec. 31

 

2,142

 

1,970

 

4,112

 

2,269

 

1,665

 

3,933

The valuation allowances mainly relate to the credit risks associated with the financial services business.

FACTORING AND ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS

The trade receivables include transferred receivables in the total amount of €– million (previous year: €4 million) that were not derecognized in their entirety because the credit risk remains with the Volkswagen Group. The total purchase price received of €– million (previous year: €1 million) is reported in financial liabilities. The fair values of the receivables and liabilities are not materially different to their carrying amounts.

Asset-backed securities transactions amounting to €23,245 million (previous year: €19,301 million) entered into to refinance the financial services business are included in bonds, commercial paper and notes, and liabilities from loans. The corresponding carrying amount of the receivables from the customer and dealer financing and the finance lease business amounted to €26,415 million (previous year: €21,485 million). Collateral of €34,717 million (previous year: €28,192 million) in total was furnished as part of asset-backed securities transactions. The expected payments were assigned to structured entities and the equitable liens in the financed vehicles were transferred. These asset-backed securities transactions did not result in the receivables from financial services business being derecognized, as the Group retains nonpayment and late payment risks. The difference between the assigned receivables and the related liabilities is the result of different terms and conditions and the share of the securitized paper and notes held by the Volkswagen Group itself, as well as the proportion of vehicles financed within the Group.

Most of the public and private asset-backed securities transactions of the Volkswagen Group can be repaid in advance (clean-up call) if less than 9% or 10%, as appropriate, of the original transaction volume is outstanding. The assigned receivables cannot be assigned again or pledged elsewhere as collateral. The claims of the holders of commercial paper and notes are limited to the assigned receivables and the receipts from those receivables are earmarked for the repayment of the corresponding liability.

As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of the assigned receivables still recognized in the balance sheet was €25,161 million (previous year: €22,102 million). The fair value of the related liabilities was €23,000 million (previous year: €19,480 million) at that reporting date.

The Volkswagen Financial Services AG Group is contractually obliged under certain conditions to transfer funds to the structured entities that are included in its consolidated financial statements. Since the receivables are transferred to the special purpose entity by way of undisclosed assignment, the situation may occur in which the receivable has already been reduced in a legally binding manner at the originator, for example if the obligor effectively offsets it against receivables owed to it by a company belonging to the Volkswagen Group. In this case, collateral must be furnished for the resulting compensation claims against the special purpose entity, for example if the rating of the Group company concerned declines to a contractually agreed reference value.