12 Intangible assets

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CHANGES IN INTANGIBLE ASSETS
IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2014

€ million

 

Brand names

 

Goodwill

 

Capitalized development costs for products under development

 

Capitalized development costs for products currently in use

 

Other intangible assets

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2014

 

17,088

 

23,730

 

5,087

 

19,224

 

8,352

 

73,481

Foreign exchange differences

 

−53

 

−161

 

2

 

30

 

15

 

−166

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

8

 

 

 

53

 

62

Additions

 

 

 

3,652

 

949

 

360

 

4,961

Transfers

 

10

 

 

−2,306

 

2,307

 

16

 

26

Disposals

 

 

 

8

 

1,100

 

504

 

1,611

Balance at Dec. 31, 2014

 

17,045

 

23,577

 

6,428

 

21,409

 

8,292

 

76,752

Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2014

 

59

 

0

 

24

 

10,085

 

4,070

 

14,238

Foreign exchange differences

 

10

 

0

 

0

 

17

 

6

 

32

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

3

Additions to cumulative amortization

 

10

 

 

0

 

2,948

 

1,050

 

4,009

Additions to cumulative impairment losses

 

 

 

10

 

67

 

13

 

91

Transfers

 

 

 

−7

 

7

 

1

 

1

Disposals

 

 

 

 

1,031

 

505

 

1,536

Reversal of impairment losses

 

 

 

13

 

8

 

 

20

Balance at Dec. 31, 2014

 

79

 

0

 

14

 

12,085

 

4,639

 

16,818

Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2014

 

16,967

 

23,577

 

6,413

 

9,324

 

3,654

 

59,935

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CHANGES IN INTANGIBLE ASSETS
IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 1 TO DECEMBER 31, 2015

€ million

 

Brand names

 

Goodwill

 

Capitalized development costs for products under development

 

Capitalized development costs for products currently in use

 

Other intangible assets

 

Total

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost Balance at Jan. 1, 2015

 

17,045

 

23,577

 

6,428

 

21,409

 

8,292

 

76,752

Foreign exchange differences

 

16

 

64

 

−27

 

52

 

−189

 

−85

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

5

 

 

 

43

 

48

Additions

 

 

 

4,043

 

978

 

506

 

5,526

Transfers

 

 

 

−3,652

 

3,652

 

16

 

17

Disposals

 

 

 

11

 

2,410

 

138

 

2,559

Balance at Dec. 31, 2015

 

17,062

 

23,646

 

6,781

 

23,681

 

8,529

 

79,699

Amortization and impairment Balance at Jan. 1, 2015

 

79

 

0

 

14

 

12,085

 

4,639

 

16,818

Foreign exchange differences

 

−7

 

0

 

0

 

39

 

−83

 

−50

Changes in consolidated Group

 

 

 

 

 

14

 

14

Additions to cumulative amortization

 

4

 

 

 

3,098

 

989

 

4,091

Additions to cumulative impairment losses

 

 

 

31

 

133

 

21

 

186

Transfers

 

 

 

−8

 

8

 

−2

 

−2

Disposals

 

 

 

 

2,396

 

105

 

2,501

Reversal of impairment losses

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

1

Balance at Dec. 31, 2015

 

76

 

 

37

 

12,968

 

5,472

 

18,553

Carrying amount at Dec. 31, 2015

 

16,986

 

23,646

 

6,744

 

10,713

 

3,058

 

61,147

Other intangible assets comprise in particular concessions, purchased customer lists and dealer relationships, industrial and similar rights, and licenses in such rights and assets.

The allocation of the brand names and goodwill to the operating segments is shown in the following table:

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€ million

 

2015

 

2014

 

 

 

 

 

Brand names by operating segment

 

 

 

 

Porsche

 

13,823

 

13,823

Scania Vehicles and Services

 

1,059

 

1,036

MAN Truck & Bus

 

1,127

 

1,127

MAN Diesel & Turbo

 

415

 

415

Ducati

 

404

 

404

Other

 

158

 

162

 

 

16,986

 

16,967

Goodwill by operating segment

 

 

 

 

Porsche

 

18,825

 

18,825

Scania Vehicles and Services

 

3,044

 

2,978

MAN Truck & Bus

 

607

 

595

MAN Diesel & Turbo

 

250

 

250

Ducati

 

290

 

290

ŠKODA

 

150

 

146

Porsche Holding Salzburg

 

197

 

191

Other

 

284

 

303

 

 

23,646

 

23,577

The recoverability test for recognized goodwill is based on value in use. Recoverability is not affected by a variation in the growth forecast with respect to the perpetual annuity or in the discount rate of +/−0.5 percentage points.

Of the total research and development costs incurred in 2015, €5,021 million (previous year: €4,601 million) met the criteria for capitalization under IFRSs.

The following amounts were recognized in profit or loss:

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€ million

 

2015

 

2014

 

 

 

 

 

Research and non-capitalized development costs

 

8,591

 

8,519

Amortization of development costs

 

3,263

 

3,026

Research and development costs recognized in the income statement

 

11,853

 

11,545